Self-perceived body weight and weight status: analysis of concordance by age group and sex.

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies suggest that there is discordance between actual weight status and body-weight perception. This fact has implications when it comes to designing public health interventions. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the different categories of weight status and body-weight perception and to analyse their concordance in a representative Spanish population sample. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Data were sourced from the 2018 Galician Risk Behaviour Data System, with the target population being all persons aged 16 years and above. We collected data on self-perceived body weight and assessed weight status on the basis of body mass index (BMI). BMI was estimated using self-reported measures of weight and height. To estimate concordance, Cohen's kappa coefficient, both unweighted and weighted with Cicchetti weights, was calculated. RESULTS: Data were obtained for 7853 individuals aged 16 years and above, whereas the overall unweighted concordance was 0.393 (95%CI: 0.377-0.409), with an agreement percentage of 61.6%, weighted concordance was 0.503 (0.490-0.517), with an agreement percentage of 86.6%. The highest concordance between self-perceived body weight and weight status was observed in women. By age group, the highest concordance was observed in the youngest group (16-24 years) for the BMI categories of underweight and overweight, and in the 45-64 age group for the category of obesity. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the existence of differences between self-perceived body weight and weight status, according to sex and age.

Smoking-attributable mortality by sex in the 27 Brazilian federal units: 2019.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate smoking-attributable mortality (SAM) in the population aged 35 years and over in Brazil's 27 federal units by sex, in 2019. STUDY DESIGN: This is an attributable mortality analysis. METHODS: We applied a method dependent on the prevalence of smoking, based on the population attributable fractions. Data on mortality due to causes causally related to smoking were derived from Brazil's Death Registry, data on prevalence of smoking from a survey conducted in Brazil in 2019, and data on relative risks from five US cohorts. Crude and age-adjusted SAM rates were calculated by sex. Estimates of SAM were calculated by specific causes of death and major mortality groups for each federal unit by sex. RESULTS: In 2019, smoking caused 480 deaths per day in Brazil. Although the SAM varied among the federal units, the pattern is not clear, with the greatest difference being between Rio Grande do Sul (crude rate: 248.8/100,000 inhabitants) and Amazonas (106.0/100,000). When the rates were adjusted by age, the greatest differences were observed between Acre (271.1/100,000) and Distrito Federal (131.1/100,000). SAM was higher in males; however, while the main specific cause of SAM in men was ischemic heart disease, in women it was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The major mortality group having the greatest impact on SAM across all federal units was the cardiometabolic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The variability in the burden of SAM in the different regions of Brazil reaffirms the need for SAM data disaggregated at the geographic level.

Hospitalizaciones por y con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en Galicia: 20 años de evolución / Hospitalizations due to and with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Galicia: 20 years of evolution

Objetivo Analizar la evolución de las hospitalizaciones relacionadas con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) en Galicia en el período 1996-2018, tanto como causa principal del ingreso (POR EPOC) como si se codificaba en cualquier posición diagnóstica (CON EPOC), estudiando la influencia de la edad, el sexo, la estacionalidad u otras causas principales del ingreso. Metodología Se realizó un análisis del conjunto mínimo básico de datos (CMBD) de Galicia sobre el primer ingreso por EPOC entre 1996 y 2018. Se calcularon tasas brutas, específicas y estandarizadas tanto globales como por sexo y por grupos de edad. Resultados En el período 1996-2018 se produjeron en Galicia 310.883 primeros ingresos CON EPOC, de los que el 29,6% fueron POR EPOC. Las tasas de ingresos tanto CON EPOC como POR EPOC aumentaron, fundamentalmente en varones. Existe una clara estacionalidad de los ingresos, especialmente relevante POR EPOC. La razón de masculinidad media es aproximadamente 4 en ambos escenarios, si bien es inferior en los grupos etarios extremos, sin cambios a lo largo del tiempo. La edad media al ingreso ha aumentado tres años en este período en los varones; en las mujeres no hubo variaciones. Las causas principales del ingreso cuando no es POR EPOC son insuficiencia cardíaca y neumonía. Conclusión La evaluación combinada de los registros de ingresos hospitalarios CON y POR EPOC aporta información complementaria para un mejor conocimiento de las tendencias de esta enfermedad y establecer hipótesis que expliquen los resultados descritos, aportando información para una mejor planificación sanitaria (AU)

Objective This work aims to analyze the evolution of COPD-related hospitalizations in Galicia from 1996 to 2018 both as main cause of admission (DUE TO COPD) or when coded in any diagnostic order (WITH COPD), assessing the influence of age, sex, seasonality, and other main causes of the hospitalization. Methods An analysis was conducted of administrative healthcare database (CMBD) data on index COPD-related hospitalizations in Galicia from 1996 to 2018. Crude, specific, and standardized rates were calculated for the entire sample and according to age and sex groups. Results In the period from 1996 to 2018, there were 310,883 index admissions WITH COPD in Galicia, of which 29.6% were DUE TO COPD. Both WITH COPD and DUE TO COPD admission rates increased, mainly in men. There was a clear seasonality that was especially relevant in the DUE TO COPD group. The mean male-to-female ratio was approximately 4:1 in both groups, although it was lower in the extreme age groups, with no change over time. The mean age at admission increased three years in men during this period; there were no changes among women. The main causes of admission in those not hospitalized DUE TO COPD were heart failure and pneumonia. Conclusion The combined evaluation of records of hospital admissions WITH COPD and DUE TO COPD offers additional information for a better understanding of the trends of this disease and allows for establishing hypotheses that explain the results described, providing information for better healthcare planning (AU)

Hospitalizations due to and with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Galicia: 20 years of evolution.

OBJECTIVE: This work aims to analyze the evolution of COPD-related hospitalizations in Galicia from 1996 to 2018 both as main cause of admission (DUE TO COPD) or when coded in any diagnostic order (WITH COPD), assessing the influence of age, sex, seasonality, and other main causes of the hospitalization. METHODS: An analysis was conducted of administrative healthcare database (CMBD) data on index COPD-related hospitalizations in Galicia from 1996 to 2018. Crude, specific, and standardized rates were calculated for the entire sample and according to age and sex groups. RESULTS: In the period from 1996 to 2018, there were 310,883 index admissions WITH COPD in Galicia, of which 29.6% were DUE TO COPD. Both WITH COPD and DUE TO COPD admission rates increased, mainly in men. There was a clear seasonality that was especially relevant in the DUE TO COPD group. The mean male-to-female ratio was approximately 4:1 in both groups, although it was lower in the extreme age groups, with no change over time. The mean age at admission increased three years in men during this period; there were no changes among women. The main causes of admission in those not hospitalized DUE TO COPD were heart failure and pneumonia. CONCLUSION: The combined evaluation of records of hospital admissions WITH COPD and DUE TO COPD offers additional information for a better understanding of the trends of this disease and allows for establishing hypotheses that explain the results described, providing information for better healthcare planning.

Mantenimiento del consumo de pescado rico en metilmercurio durante el embarazo: prevalencia, consejo profesional y características maternas asociadas / Maintaining methylmercury-rich fish consumption during pregnancy: prevalence, professional advice and associated maternal characteristics

Introducción: los objetivos de este estudio fueron estimar la prevalencia del consumo de pescado rico en metilmercurio (MeHg) durante el embarazo, la proporción de mujeres que recibieron recomendaciones sanitarias para evitar su consumo e identificar los factores asociados al mantenimiento del consumo. Material y métodos: en 2016 se realizó un estudio transversal siendo la población objetivo mujeres que habían dado a luz entre septiembre de 2015 y agosto de 2016 en Galicia (España). La información sobre el estado de la mujer seis meses antes del embarazo, durante el embarazo, en el momento del parto y en el momento de la encuesta se obtuvo con una entrevista telefónica estructurada. La prevalencia de consumo de pescados ricos en MeHg se estimó antes y durante la gestación y se ajustó un modelo de regresión logística para conocer las variables asociadas con el mantenimiento. Resultados: el consumo de pescado rico en MeHg fue del 30% durante los seis meses previos a la gestación y disminuyó a 7% durante esta. El mantenimiento del consumo se asoció con no vivir en entorno urbano, multiparidad, consumir más de una porción de pescado rico en MeHg/semana antes de la gestación y con no haber recibido recomendaciones profesionales para evitar el consumo; 5 de cada 10 mujeres recibieron estas recomendaciones durante los controles prenatales. Conclusiones: algunos factores asociados con continuar consumiendo pescados ricos en MeHg durante el embarazo son modificables y deben ser considerados en la elaboración de mensajes de salud pública destinados a promover una alimentación adecuada durante el embarazo (AU)

Introduction: Our aims were to estimate the prevalence of MeHg-rich fish consumption, the proportion of women who received healthcare recommendations to avoid their consumption and to identify the factors associated with the maintenance of consumption during pregnancy.Material and methods: In 2016, a cross-sectional study based on a random sampling of all the women who had given birth between September 2015 and August 2016 was conducted in Galicia, Spain. Information was collected through a structured telephone interview regarding the mother’s status 6 months before pregnancy, during pregnancy, at the time of delivery, and at the time of the survey. The prevalence of MeHg-rich fish consumption, was estimated before and during pregnancy and a logistic regression model was adjusted to ascertain variables associated with maintaining consumption during pregnancy.Results: The consumption of swordfish or bluefin, was 30% during the 6 months prior to pregnancy and decreased to 7% during pregnancy. Maintenance of MeHg-rich fish consumption during pregnancy was associated with not living in an urban environment, multiparity, consumption of over 1 portion of MeHg-rich fish per week prior pregnancy, and with not having received professional recommendations in order to avoid consumption; 5 out of 10 women received these recommendations during the prenatal check-ups.Conclusions: Some of the factors associated with continuing the consumption during pregnancy are modifiable and should be considered in the development of public health messages intended to promote an adequate diet during pregnancy. (AU)